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In addition to the just-in-time (JIT) translation support, Rosetta 2 offers ahead-of-time compilation (AOT), with the x86-64 code fully translated, just once, when an application without a universal binary is installed on an Apple silicon Mac.

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The software permits many applications compiled exclusively for execution on x86-64-based processors to be translated for execution on Apple silicon. In 2020, Apple announced Rosetta 2 would be bundled with macOS Big Sur, to aid in the Mac transition to Apple silicon.

Java applets in Rosetta-translated applications, meaning that a native Intel web browser application, rather than a legacy PowerPC version, must be used to load Java applets.

Bundled Java applications or Java applications with JNI libraries that cannot be translated.

Kernel extensions and applications that depend on them.

Applications that require precise exception handling.

Code that inserts preferences into the System Preferences pane.

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The Classic environment, and thus any non-Carbon application built for Mac OS 9 or earlier.

Rosetta also does not support the following: Apple advised that applications with heavy user interaction but low computational needs (such as word processors) would be best suited to use with Rosetta, while applications with high computational needs (such as games, AutoCAD, or Photoshop) would not. Although most commercial software for PowerPC-based Macs was compatible with these requirements (G4 systems were still widely used at the time), any applications that relied on G5-specific instructions had to be modified by their developers to work on Rosetta-supported Intel-based Macs. It translates G3, G4, and AltiVec instructions, but not G5 instructions. Д«ecause of the greater architectural differences between Intel and PowerPC processors, Rosetta operates at a higher level than the 68000 emulator did, as a user-level program that can only intercept and emulate user-level code.

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Rosetta is neither included nor supported in Mac OS X v10.7 'Lion' or later, which therefore cannot run PowerPC applications. Rosetta is not installed by default in Mac OS X v10.6 'Snow Leopard', but is available as an installable option. It has no user interface, and launches as needed with no notification of the user, which led Apple to describe it as 'the most amazing software you'll never see'. Rosetta is based on QuickTransit technology. It was initially included with Mac OS X v10.4.4 'Tiger', the version that was released with the first Intel-based Macs, and allows many PowerPC applications to run on Intel-based Mac computers without modification. This allows lines of 68k and PowerPC code to be interspersed within the same fat binary.ДЄpple released the first version of Rosetta in 2006 when it began switching the Macintosh line from the PowerPC to the Intel processor. This means that the nanokernel is able to intercept PowerPC interrupts, translate them to 68k interrupts (then doing a mixed mode switch, if necessary), and then execute 68k code to handle the interrupts. This emulator takes advantage of features built into the PowerPC processors, and accesses the very lowest levels of the OS, running at the same level as вЂ“ and tightly connected to вЂ“ the Mac OS nanokernel.

When it introduced its first PowerPC systems, Apple included software in System 7.1.2 and later versions of the operating system to emulate a 68000-series system. Each transition has rendered software produced for the earlier architecture incompatible with the new one, creating a need for software allowing the newer platform to emulate the previous one. ДЄpple has used four series of CPU architectures in its Macintosh line of computers: the Motorola 68000 series, the PowerPC series, the Intel Core series, and its own series of ARM-type processors. The second version, introduced in 2020 as a component of macOS Big Sur, is part of the Mac transition from Intel processors to Apple silicon, allowing Intel applications to run on Apple silicon Macs.

The first version of Rosetta, introduced in 2006 as a component of Mac OS X Tiger, was part of the Mac transition from PowerPC processors to Intel processors, allowing PowerPC applications to run on Intel-based Macs. The name 'Rosetta' is a reference to the Rosetta Stone, the artifact which enabled translation of Egyptian hieroglyphs.

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It gives developers and consumers a transition period in which to update their application software to run on newer hardware, by 'translating' it to run on the different architecture. for macOS, an application compatibility layer between different instruction set architectures.

Rosetta is a dynamic binary translator developed by Apple Inc. PowerPC binary translation (original version) PowerPC application (Microsoft Word for Mac 2004) running on Mac OS X for Intel in Rosetta